Essential oils of Marrubium peregrinum resisted ethanol-induced gastric toxicity in vivo biochemical and histopathological approaches
Main Article Content
Keywords
antioxidant; gastric ulcer; immunohistochemistry; inflammation; Marrubium peregrinum
Abstract
Marrubium peregrinum is acknowledged as a traditional therapeutic plant that relieves stomach aches and gastrointestinal disorders. The present investigation evaluates the acute toxicity and gastroprotective potential of the essential oil of Marrubium peregrinum (EOMP) in absolute ethanol-mediated ulceration. It identifies molecular pathways that underlie its bioactivities. The anti-ulcer potential of EOMP (100 and 200 mg/kg) was evaluated both macroscopically and microscopically. Moreover, toxicological evaluation included behavioral, biochemical, and histological alterations that occurred due to EOMP ingestion. Pretreatment with EOMP (100 and 200 mg/kg) noticeably reduced the severity of gastric injury mediated by absolute ethanol and lowered hemorrhagic and gastric tissue disruptions. Ingestion of OEMP (100 and 200 mg/kg) 1 h prior to ethanol initiation significantly inhibited lesion incidence by 73.72% and 77.65%, respectively. EOMP supplementation resisted ethanol-induced histological alterations and restored gastric defensive factors (increasing mucin secretion and pH). Moreover, EOMP-treated mice exhibited higher heat shock protein 70 (HSP 70) and lower Bax proteins, matching with increased prostaglandin E2, catalase, and superoxide dismutase contents. The ethanol-mediated oxidative stress (MDA) and gastric inflammation (tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6) were significantly mimicked because of EOMP pretreatments. The toxicity evaluation evidenced the safe ingestion of up to 2 g/kg EOMP in mice without any noticeable morbidity throughout the 2-week toxicity trial. These outcomes present the prophylactic effect of EOMP against ethanol-mediated stomach toxicity by strengthening gastric defense factors, increasing endogenous antioxidants, lowering inflammatory mediators, and reducing apoptotic actions. Altogether, the outcomes contributed to faster gastric tissue recovery because of EOMP pretreatment, without any incidence of toxicity.
References
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Chemicals, D., 2005. OECD Guideline for testing of chemicals. Organ. Econ. Co-operation Dev. Paris, Fr. 1–13.
Delgado, C., Mendez-Callejas, G., Celis, C., 2021. Caryophyllene oxide, the active compound isolated from leaves of Hymenaea courbaril L.(Fabaceae) with antiproliferative and apoptotic effects on PC-3 androgen-independent prostate cancer cell line. Molecules 26(20):6142.
Demiroz Akbulut, T., Aydin Kose, F., Demirci, B., Baykan, S., 2023. Chemical Profile and Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Aerial Parts of Marrubium vulgare L. From Different Locations in Turkey. Chem. Biodivers. 20(4):e202201188. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/cbdv.202201188
Demiroz Akbulut, T., Demirci, B., Baykan, S., 2020. Essential oils of Marrubium L. taxa from aegian province of Turkey. J. Essent. Oil Res. 32(6):485–493.
Demiroz Akbulut, T., Serdar, D., Karrar Ali Mohammed Hasan, A., Ayse, N., and Baykan, S., 2024. Anti-inflammatory phenolic glycosides from endemic Marrubium rotundifolium Boiss. Nat. Prod. Res. 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2024.2379011
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Göğer, F., Özek, G., Tekin, M., Yur, S., Özek, T., 2019. Phytochemical Profiling and Evaluation of Marrubium sivasense Aytaç, Akgül & Ekici for Antioxidant Activity and Inhibition Effects on α-Amylase, Lipoxygenase, Xanthine Oxidase and Tyrosinase Enzymes. J. Turkish Chem. Soc. Sect. A Chem. 6(3):281–292.
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Kaurinovic, B., Vlaisavljevic, S., Popovic, M., Vastag, D., Djurendic-Brenesel, M., 2010. Antioxidant properties of Marrubium peregrinum L.(Lamiaceae) essential oil. Molecules 15(9):5943–5955.
Liu, Y., Sui, D., Fu, W., Sun, L., Li, Y., Yu, P., Yu, X., Zhou, Y., et al., 2021. Protective effects of polysaccharides from Panax ginseng on acute gastric ulcers induced by ethanol in rats. Food Funct. 12(6):2741–2749. https://doi.org/10.1039/d0fo02947e
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Mahmoud Al-Adwan, S., Talal, S.A.-Q., Ahmed, A.J., Parween, A.I., Mohammed, M.H.M.R., Hanan, I.A., Roaa, A.T., Bassam, A.A.W., et al., 2025. Anchusa officinalis accelerates wound healing via the improvement of transforming growth factor beta 1 expressions, antioxidant levels, and inhibition of TNF-α, IL-6. Cutan. Ocul. Toxicol. 21–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/15569527.2025.2481145
Mannoubi, I. El, Seham Hassan, B., Nuha Mohammad, A., Syed, N., and Zabin, S.A., 2023. Chemical composition, antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-cancer activities of Nepeta deflersiana Schweinf. Ex Hedge and Marrubium vulgare L. essential oils: a comparative study. J. Essent. Oil Bear. Plants 26(5):1101–1122. https://doi.org/10.1080/0972060X.2023.2282577
Meyre-Silva, C., Cechinel-Filho, V., 2010. A review of the chemical and pharmacological aspects of the genus marrubium. Curr. Pharm. Des. 16(31):3503–3518.
Moawad, H., El Awdan, S.A., Sallam, N.A., El-Eraky, W.I., Alkhawlani, M.A., 2019. Gastroprotective effect of cilostazol against ethanol- and pylorus ligation–induced gastric lesions in rats. Naunyn. Schmiedebergs. Arch. Pharmacol. 392(12):. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00210-019-01699-y
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How to Cite
abdul-aziz ahmed, khalid, M. alqaisi, khalid, Ibrahim, N. A., Ab.jabbar, A. A., m. albalas, qosay, S. M. Al-Saleem, muneera, Rizgar hassan, rawaz, Noori saleh, goran, Saber, M. H., ibrahim althagbi, hanan, Y. Al-Humaidi, jehan, M. Rahman, mohammed, Al-Dabhawi, A.-D., & Al-Qaisi, T. S. (n.d.). Essential oils of Marrubium peregrinum resisted ethanol-induced gastric toxicity in vivo: biochemical and histopathological approaches. Italian Journal of Food Science, 38(1). https://doi.org/10.15586/
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How to Cite
abdul-aziz ahmed, khalid, M. alqaisi, khalid, Ibrahim, N. A., Ab.jabbar, A. A., m. albalas, qosay, S. M. Al-Saleem, muneera, Rizgar hassan, rawaz, Noori saleh, goran, Saber, M. H., ibrahim althagbi, hanan, Y. Al-Humaidi, jehan, M. Rahman, mohammed, Al-Dabhawi, A.-D., & Al-Qaisi, T. S. (n.d.). Essential oils of Marrubium peregrinum resisted ethanol-induced gastric toxicity in vivo: biochemical and histopathological approaches. Italian Journal of Food Science, 38(1). https://doi.org/10.15586/