https://itjfs.com/index.php/ijfs/gateway/plugin/WebFeedGatewayPlugin/atomItalian Journal of Food Science2024-01-03T00:00:00+00:00PROF. PAOLO FANTOZZIpaolo.fantozzi@ijfs.euOpen Journal Systems<p>The <strong>Italian</strong> <strong>Journal</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Food</strong> <strong>Science</strong> is an international journal publishing original, basic, and applied papers, reviews, short communications, surveys, and opinions on food science and technology.</p> <p> </p> <p align="center"><a href="https://itjfs.com/ojs/index.php/ijfs/issue/current" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img src="https://itjfs.com/ojs/public/site/images/albertochied/IJFS-testataBN.jpg" alt="" /></a></p>https://itjfs.com/index.php/ijfs/article/view/2459Scrutinizing the antidiabetic, antidiarrheal, and anti-inflammatory activities of methanolic extract of pomegranate peel via different approaches2024-02-04T07:09:21+00:00Waqas A. BachaAmir HamzaAyaz Ali KhanTariq AzizJianbo WuFahad Al-AsmariManal Y SameehAbdulhakeem S AlamriMajid AlhomraniAhmad A. AlghamdiAbdullah A. AlqasemBandar K. BaothmanNaif ALSuhaymiSuzan M. FathuldeenWaqar Ahmad
<p>The objective of the current study was to evaluate the potential of <em>Punica granatum</em> L peel in mice as an antidiarrheal and antidiabetic agent. In an antidiarrheal study, different doses (50, 100, 150, and 200 mg/kg) of methanolic pomegranate peel extract (PPE) were administrated to castor oil-induced (1 mL/kg) diarrheal mice. Mice administered loperamide hydrochloride (3 mg/kg) were treated as a baseline group. During the experiment, electrolyte and hematological levels were analyzed, and at the end, histopathology of the intestine was performed. For antidiabetic activity, PPE doses (50, 100, 150, and 200 mg/kg) and metformin hydrochloride were administered to alloxan-induced (150 mg/kg) diabetic mice groups, and biochemical and hematological parameters were analyzed. Liver histopathology was done at the end of the experiment. The study found that castor oil caused diarrhea and had a significant (<em>p</em> < 0.05) impact on hematological parameters and electrolyte levels, compared with negative control group. PPE helped to restore altered parameters to normal levels. Histopathology of positive control group revealed abnormal cell structures, with irregularly arranged villi, unclear mucosal architecture of the ileal section, and nuclei cells were damaged and prone to collapsing. Significant dose-dependent recovery was observed in PPE-fed mice groups. After inducing and confirmation of diabetes with alloxan, all groups, except the negative control group, had significantly high glucose levels (<em>p</em> < 0.05). Levels of C-reactive protein and bilirubin were significantly altered, but PPE and metformin hydrochloride showed potential to improve these parameters. In positive control group mice, liver histology showed microvesicular fatty changes throughout the acinus, reactive Kupffer cells, mid-portal inflammation, reduced portal triad, centrilobular visibility, and well-differentiated central vein with well-formed nuclei. Similarly, significant dose-dependent recovery was observed in PPE-administrated mice groups. These results demonstrated that PPE had promising antidiarrheal and antidiabetic potential.</p>
2024-01-01T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Waqas A Bacha, Amir Hamza, Ayaz Ali Khan, Tariq Aziz, Jianbo Wu, Fahad Al-Asmari, Manal Y Sameeh, Abdulhakeem S Alamri, Majid Alhomrani, Ahmad A Alghamdi, Abdullah A Alqasem, Bandar K Baothman, Naif ALSuhaymi, Suzan Fathuldeen, Waqar Ahmadhttps://itjfs.com/index.php/ijfs/article/view/2466Evaluation of the durum wheat landrace genetic diversity using agro analysis and its benefit for human health2024-01-13T05:31:05+00:00Mohammad IhsanArshad KhanNausheen NazirMohammad NisarTour JanShariat UllahTariq AzizFahad Al-AsmariSahar A. AlshareefMaha AljabriManal Y. Sameeh
<p>Ancient wheat and landraces (traditional varieties) are fascinating to the consideration of scientists who are re-evaluating the healthy and dietary properties attributed to them by popular tradition. Wheat (<em>Triticum durum</em>) is one of the most significant crops that is grown all over the world. In the present study, 19 landraces were analyzed for genetic diversity through morphological and SDS-PAGE analysis. The highest coefficient of variance (18.91%) was found for spike length, and the lowest for days to maturity (1.51%). The genotype <em>Malakand</em> and <em>Dolram</em> produced a maximum number of seeds (42 and 46 seeds per plant), and the genotypes <em>Dogai</em> and <em>Rasool Banda</em> were found to be the tallest (73 and 71 cm, respectively). The genotype <em>Kamar Kotki</em> was found to mature early (165 days) while <em>Doagi</em> was found to mature late (171 days). Spike length was found to be positively correlated with plant height, leaf width, and leaf length. Leaf width was significant with spike length and the internode distance. The cluster analysis divided all the genotypes into six sub-clusters where the <em>Asban</em> and the <em>Shekhan</em> were placed at the extreme of the dendrogram. Based on the total seed storage proteins analysis, 18 (85.71%) bands were polymorphic while 14.28% bands were found to be monomorphic. Using Ward’s methods, all the genotypes were divided into two main lineages at 25% Euclidian distance and five sub-clusters at 75% distance. Our findings have significance for understanding the variations and relationships between various durum wheat genotypes and could serve as a basis for local elite durum germplasm that has been regionally adapted.</p>
2024-01-02T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Mohammad Ihsan, Arshad Khan, Nausheen Nazir, Mohammad Nisar, Tour Jan, Shariat Ullah, Tariq Aziz, Fahad Al-Asmari, Sahar A Alshareef, Maha Aljabri, Manal Y Sameehhttps://itjfs.com/index.php/ijfs/article/view/2404Emerging zoonotic viral diseases and preventive strategies with Islamic perspectives of halal foods2024-02-15T08:12:30+00:00Fakiha MehakMuhammad Yousaf QuddoosShahid MahmoodShanza MukhtarSamy SelimSoad K. Al JaouniMohammed S. AlmuhayawiMohammed Ahmed ElawadNaif AlmutairiAlashary Adam Eisa HamdoonModawy Elnour Modawy ElkhalifaAymen ShahzadNighat NazRubab TufailLiga Hasan Mohammed SalimAlshebli Ahmed
<p>There are several emerging zoonotic viral diseases associated with wildlife or non-wildlife food that arise with the passage of time. Different pathogenic strains with advanced mutational changes results in severe pathogenicity in respective hosts either animals or humans. The viability in human host employs the certainty of transmission from animals. Most of the viral diseases in humans caused by direct close contact between animals or indirectly through intermediate hosts. Many of the coronaviral diseases spread by bats specie and its reservoirs. Moreover, the consumption of other wildlife animals common in certain regions of world escalate the potential risk for gaining various zoonotic viral ailments. On the other hand, the Islamic norms for food consumption remarkably reduces the risk of these diseases by devouring the Halal (lawful) or Tayyab foods. The xenobiotic transformations in animals also illustrates the prohibition of haram (unlawful) food consumption. Humans with compromised immune system in elderly or suffering from chronic diseases can easily adopt these viral diseases and thus may prone to lethality. One of the emerging zoonotic viral diseases involve COVID-19 caused by novel β-coronavirus (nCov) transmission has been suspected in Wuhan wildlife market that also have origin of bat reservoirs as natural host based on virus genome sequencing results and evolutionary analysis. Measures to prevent or reduce transmission should be especially implemented in populations at greater risk.</p>
2024-02-13T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Fakiha Mehak, Muhammad Yousaf Quddoos, Shahid Mahmood, Shanza Mukhtar, Samy Selim, Soad K. Al Jaouni, Mohammed S. Almuhayawi, Mohammed Ahmed Elawad, Naif Almutairi, Alashary Adam Eisa Hamdoon, Modawy Elnour Modawy Elkhalifa, Aymen Shahzad, Nighat Naz, Rubab Tufail, Liga Hasan Mohammed Salim, Alshebli Ahmedhttps://itjfs.com/index.php/ijfs/article/view/2481New insights on resveratrol supported by magnesium dihydroxide (Revifast®)2024-03-07T02:34:17+00:00Roberto SpogliAndrea BiaginiFederica PresciuttiAnnarita PetracciFrancesco RagoneseRossana Giulietta IannittiGiada CeccarelliGabriele BrecchiaLaura MenchettiMichela CodiniMaria Rachele CeccariniPaola SabbatiniBernard Fioretti
<p>Based on low solubility in water and high membrane permeability, resveratrol is collocated in the second class of the Biopharmaceutical Classification System, with limited absorption derived from a low dissolution rate. Solid microdispersion of resveratrol supported by magnesium dihydroxide (Resv@MDH, trademark Revifast®) represents a physical mixture of resveratrol (30% w/w) and magnesium dihydroxide (70% w/w) obtained by traditional techniques, such as mixing and micronization under appropriate conditions. Establishing the wide use of Revifast® in food supplements, in the present work we deepen its physicochemical characterization by using diffractometric and infrared analysis. No novel species are found in the Resv@MDH mixture except magnesium dihydroxide and resveratrol extracted from <em>Polygonum cuspidatum</em>. The results herein reported strengthened the safety of Revifast® ingredients for resveratrol-based food supplements.</p>
2024-02-24T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Roberto Spogli, Andrea Biagini, Federica Presciutti, Annarita Petracci, Francesco Ragonese, Rossana Giulietta Iannitti, Giada Ceccarellli, Gabriele Brecchia, Laura Menchetti, Michela Codini, Maria Rachele Ceccarini, Paola Sabbatini, Bernard Fiorettihttps://itjfs.com/index.php/ijfs/article/view/2454Wound-healing potentiation in mice treated with phenolic extracts of Moringa oleifera leaves planted at different climatic areas2024-01-13T05:31:05+00:00Sara BenkiranAbdellah ZinedineTariq AzizJoão Miguel RochaIman Msegued AyamSidi Mohammed RaouiRachida ChabirFaouzi ErrachidiMetab AlharbiThamer H. AlbekairiAbdullah F Alasmari
<p>For years, <em>Moringa oleifera</em> has been known for possessing wound-healing properties. This study aimed to investigate the effect of two extracts: aqueous extract (AE) and ethanolic extract (EE) of <em>Moringa oleifera</em> leaves planted at two regions (Mssisi and Lamta) in Morocco for their anti-inflammatory and healing properties, for which mice were used as a biological model. Inflammation was monitored by assessing forepaw volume of mice, measured at 0 min, 1 h, 3 h, and 5 h, after its induction by carrageenan. Hind paw of mice were treated with extracts of <em>M. oleifera</em>, at a dose of 50 mg/kg, obtained from Mssisi region. This resulted in reduction of edema by 99.2% with EE and by 91.8% with AE, compared to controls and the phenolic extract of <em>M. oleifera</em> planted at Lamta region. Regarding healing of burns induced on rat’s dorsal region; results showed that application of Moringa-based ointment for 14 days, at a dose of 50 mg/kg on wounds, resulted in total healing, compared to controls (negative control: more than 22 days, and positive control: 22 days). <em>M. oleifera</em> extracts resulted in nearly complete tissue repair of 98.26% and 95.34% with EE and AE, respectively.</p>
2024-01-03T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Sara Benkiran, Abdellah Zinedine , Tariq Aziz, João Miguel Rocha , Iman Msegued Ayam, Sidi Mohammed Raoui , Rachida Chabir , Faouzi Errachidi, Metab Alharbi, Thamer H. Albekairi, Abdullah F. Alasmarihttps://itjfs.com/index.php/ijfs/article/view/2433Effect of egg type and storage conditions on the quality of crispy Thai pancake (Thong Phap)2024-02-04T07:19:30+00:00Sunisa SiripongvutikornWorapong UsawakesmaneePonruedee Sud-on
<p>Eggs were stored within 24 h after laying at 4±2<sup>o</sup>C and 28±2<sup>o</sup>C for 25 days (d). Egg quality was monitored during cold and room temperature storage for producing Thong Phap. Longer storage time led to an increase in weight loss and pH, while the Haugh Unit (H.U.) and viscosity of the egg white decreased. Eggs stored at a higher temperature, particularly duck eggs, exhibited faster parameter changes. The main protein types in duck and chicken egg whites determined by SDS-PAGE were ovalbumin, ovotransferrin, and ovomucin. Microbial standards indicated that the shelf life of duck eggs was lower than chicken eggs. Na, P, and K contents of duck egg white were higher than a chicken egg, while storage temperature and time did not significantly affect mineral content.</p>
2024-01-16T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Sunisa Siripongvutikorn, Worapong Usawakesmanee, Ponruedee Sud-onhttps://itjfs.com/index.php/ijfs/article/view/2313Study of oxygen in wines with different proportions of yeast lees2024-01-13T05:31:05+00:00Michaela KulhankovaBozena PrusovaMojmir Baron
<p>The lees produced during fermentation are known for their ability to consume oxygen. During wine aging, it has a positive effect on the antioxidant and sensory properties of wine. This study focuses on the effects of different doses of fermentation lees on the oxygen consumption and antioxidant activity of wine, which are important for the quality of the final product as well as consumer. The effect on oxygen consumption after bottling, antioxidant activity and phenolic composition was studied for wines of the variety Grüner Veltliner with different proportions of yeast lees. The rate of dissolved oxygen consumption increased with increasing dosages of fermentation lees. The first significant decrease was observed as early as the second day after bottling for all variants above 20 g of fermentation lees in 0.75 L of wine. Total polyphenol content and antioxidant activity also increased with the dose of yeast lees. The major negative parameter for the highest addition of lees was the concentration of volatile acids, which increased from a baseline value of 0.34 g L<sup>–1</sup> to 0.45 g L<sup>–1</sup>.</p>
2024-01-05T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Michaela Kulhankova, Bozena Prusova, Mojmir Baronhttps://itjfs.com/index.php/ijfs/article/view/2462Nutritional assessment concerning anthropometric, demographic, and food frequency questionnaires of hemodialysis patients in Sargodha, Pakistan2024-02-06T08:17:03+00:00Rahema HameedMuhammad Yousaf QuddoosShahid MahmoodTayyaba Sami UllahAmmara AineeAyesha RafiqueSayyada Sana MahmoodMuqaddas FatimaAnand KumarFaiqa ChaudhryNida FirdousShazia YaqubMuhammad Siddique RazaSuliman Yousef AlomarSyeda Ayesha BatoolRida Batool
<p>Hemodialysis is a process in which the blood is resected using a dialysis apparatus and a specific strainer known as dialyzer. Poor nutritional status is common among hemodialysis patients, but only a few studies are found on how hemodialysis is affected by other factors in the local environment. The aim of this study was to find out hemo-dialysis patients’ nutritional status and the factors that influence it. A total of 100 hemodialysis individuals (50 patients and 50 volunteers) was enrolled in this study. Anthropometry and biochemical assays, as well as nutrition assessments, were used as additional evaluation methods. According to multiple linear regression analysis, malnutrition is linked to older age, poor and lean body mass, and higher body mass index. Factors, such as interdialytic weight gain, insufficient calorie and protein consumption, and existence of morbidities, are considered along with inflammation. This study was performed at various hospitals of Sargodha district in Pakistan. Various variables of hemodialysis patients’ poor nutritional status are changeable, and these must be considered when developing and implementing effective intervention programs for this vulnerable group. Nutritional health status of hemodialysis patients was evaluated using Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ), concerning multiple factors, such as demographics, anthropometrics, body composition, vital signs, clinical manifestations, dietary intake, edema on the feet, triceps skin fold thickness, mild arm circumference, hand grip strength, and micronutrients. FFQs showed the overall effect of hemodialysis. Further statistical calculations and studies were conducted using SPSS, Minitab 8.1 for descriptive analysis tests for demographic features, and analysis of variance ANOVA.</p>
2024-01-30T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Rahema Hameed, Muhammad Yousaf Quddos, Shahid Mahmood, Tayyaba Sami Ullah, Ammara Ainee, Ayesha Rafique, Sayyad Sana Mahmood, Muquaddas Fatima, Anand Kumar, Faiqa Chaudhry, Nida Firdous, Shazia Yaqub, Muhammad Siddique Raza, Suliman Yousef Alomar, Syeda Ayesha Batool, Rida Batoolhttps://itjfs.com/index.php/ijfs/article/view/2438Estimation of betalain content in beetroot peel powder2024-01-13T05:40:18+00:00Brwa Khalid ShakirVincenzi Simone
<p>This study explores the economic benefits of utilizing beetroot peels as a source of natural color extraction, with a focus on reduction of waste. It was determined through rigorous experimentation that sun-drying at a controlled temperature of 22°C emerged as the optimal and most cost-effective method for preserving betalain content in peels. Furthermore, water was identified as the preferred solvent for extraction of betalain, exhibiting both higher yield and lower cost, compared to ethanol. The resulting beetroot powder demonstrated a stable pH range of 6.1–6.6, rendering it well suited for a diverse range of food applications. These findings emphasize the potential of beetroot peels as a valuable and sustainable source of natural colorants, with significant implications for the food and related industries.</p>
2024-01-11T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Brwa Khalid Shakir, Simone Vincenzihttps://itjfs.com/index.php/ijfs/article/view/2451Use of malted pulses to formulate gluten-free fresh-egg pasta2024-02-05T06:00:00+00:00Alessio CiminiAlessandro PolizianiLorenzo MorganteMauro Moresi
<p>In spite of the fact that legumes are rich in proteins, dietary fibers, and micronutrients, their average per capita consumption is limited because of their lengthy cooking period, unpleasant flavor, low-digestible proteins, and gastrointestinal problems. This study was aimed at assessing the effectiveness of the malting process of three typical pulse seeds of the Italian Latium region (i.e. <em>Gradoli Purgatory</em> beans [GPB]; <em>Onano</em> lentils [OL]; and <em>Solco Dritto</em> chickpeas [SDC]) to minimize their anti-nutrient content and test their use as ingredient in the preparation of gluten-free fresh egg pastas. All these fresh egg pastas were devoid of flatulence-inducing oligosaccharides with low phytate content (0.6–0.80 g/100 g of dry matter, dm), a crude protein content of around 20 g/100 g dm and <em>in vitro</em> glycemic index ranging from 28% to 38%. However, the only fresh egg pasta, including malted GPB flour, exhibited not only a significantly smaller glycemic index (28%±3%) but also a resistant starch–total starch ratio by far greater than the threshold value (14%) specified by the European Commission Regulation 432/2012 to label foods with the health claim indicating improvement in postprandial glucose metabolism.</p>
2024-02-02T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Alessio Cimini, Alessandro Poliziani, Lorenzo Morgante, Mauro Moresihttps://itjfs.com/index.php/ijfs/article/view/2463Hematobiochemical, antioxidant, and lipid alterations in mice feed with thermally oxidized coconut oil2024-01-30T18:27:16+00:00Bashir AhmadIkram IlahiAyaz Ali KhanMohammad AttaullahAkbar AliMustajab GhaniAhsan SaidalZiad KhanFahad Al-AsmariManal Y. SameehAmal A. MohamedSalma SaddeekAminah A. Barqawi
<p>In the present study, the effects of recycled oxidized coconut oil were assessed on hematobiochemical, antioxidant and cardiac markers in albino mice. In all, 24 mice were divided into three groups: group I, II, and III; animals in each group received a normal diet as well as fresh and deep-oxidized coconut oil. The outcomes demonstrated that group III mice fed with thermally oxidized coconut oil revealed a significant alteration in the form of decreased levels of alkaline phosphatase, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, total white blood corpuscle, platelet count, hemoglobin (Hb), Hb concentration, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, and hematocrit (HCT) (<em>p</em> > 0.05). Likewise, levels of triglyceride, cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein in group III were high, while level of high-density lipoprotein was weakened. Moreover, it was observed that administration of oxidized coconut oil (group III) caused significant changes in the levels of creatinine, uric acid, serum urea, total proteins, globulin, albumin, blood urea nitrogen, and serum glucose as well as concentrations of serum electrolytes, such as calcium, magnesium, potassium, and sodium. This study also showed that group III mice had low levels of glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and radical scavenging capacity and high levels of thiobarbituric reactive substances. However, animals in group II, fed with diet of fresh coconut oil, showed normal levels of all the above-mentioned hematobiochemical, antioxidant, and lipid markers, compared to control mice (group I) and group-III animals. The histological findings of the liver and heart further confirmed the findings of the current investigation, that is, deep-oxidized coconut oil has negative consequences and ought to be avoided.</p>
2024-01-11T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Bashir Ahmad, Ikram Ilahi, Ayaz Ali Khan, Mohammad Attaullah, Akbar Ali, Mustajab Ghani, Ahsan Saidal, Ziad Khan, Fahad Al-Asmari, Manal Y Sameeh, Amal A Aidia, Salma Saddeek, Aminah A. Barqawihttps://itjfs.com/index.php/ijfs/article/view/2295Optimization and characterization of Mytilus coruscus polysaccharide and investigation on antitumor activity2024-02-15T03:50:06+00:00Mingyan MaYubo ZhouJiajia ZhangAijuan YanWen Cao
<p>This study aimed to optimize the enzymatic extraction of polysaccharides from <em>Mytilus coruscus</em> using the response surface method, characterize its composition, and investigate its antitumor activity in vivo. Employing a three-level and four-variable Box–Behnken design and setting the <em>Mytilus coruscus</em> polysaccharides (MCP) extraction yield (%) as response value, the optimum enzymatic extraction conditions were as follows: extraction time was 173.34 min, extraction temperature was 56.82°C, extraction pH was 5.64, and the ratio of liquid to fresh flesh was 19.82. Under the optimized conditions, the predicted extraction yield indicated by the response surface methodology (RSM) model was 19.68%, which showed compliance to the experimental yield (19.53%). GC-MS was used to detect the monosaccharide composition and methylation analysis, it was showed that MCP was composed of Rhamnose, Arabia sugar, fructose, mannose, glucose, and galactose with a molar ratio of 1.92:1.29:8.18:27.90:27.63:29.50 and the main linkage type was 1→4 linked glucose, the molecular weight of the polysaccharide was about 57 kDa determined by high-performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC). The antitumor activity was investigated in mice. The tumor growth inhibitory rate, spleen index, and thymus index were calculated. The tumor inhibition rates of medium and high-dose MCP were 21.8% and 32.9%, respectively, which were significantly different with the model group. Spleen index and thymus index significantly increased in medium and high-dose MCP group. It was obvious that MCP could improve immunity and inhibit the growth of tumors.</p>
2024-02-07T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Mingyan Ma, Yubo Zhou, Jiajia Zhang, Aijuan Yan, Wen Caohttps://itjfs.com/index.php/ijfs/article/view/2350Sensory quality of brown shrimp (crangon crangon L.) stored under various freezing conditions prior to cooking2024-02-04T10:44:48+00:00Xavier H.C. VermeerschRuben BraeckmanKoen ChiersGeertrui Vlaemynck
<p>Freshly caught brown shrimp (<em>Crangon crangon</em>) are prone to rapid degradation after death. Freezing the unprocessed shrimp shortly after catch provides a possible solution to maintain product quality until further processing. In this study, Shrimp were frozen under three conditions (individually frozen, vacuum packed or glazed), either directly at −20°C or deep frozen at −50°C for three hours and subsequently stored at −20°C. A trained sensory panel assessed the organoleptic quality of brown shrimp that were cooked after 2 and 4 months of raw-frozen storage. Shrimp cooked under the same conditions immediately after the catch, then stored at −20 for maximum 1 month were used as reference. The quality of the frozen shrimp was also visually evaluated after one year. The individually frozen shrimp remained closest to the reference samples in terms of colour and odour when stored at −20°C, and closest to the reference for taste when initially frozen at −50°C. Vacuum-packed shrimp scored less well and glazed samples were omitted from the experiments beyond 2 months of storage due to visual deterioration. In conclusion frozen storage of raw shrimp is possible for short periods up to 4 months, albeit with perceivable changes in organoleptic properties of the final cooked product.</p>
2024-02-01T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Xavier Vermeersch, Ruben Braeckman, Koen Chiers, Geertrui Vlaemynckhttps://itjfs.com/index.php/ijfs/article/view/2470Determination of hydrolyzing and ethanolic potential of cellulolytic bacteria isolated from fruit waste2024-02-15T07:23:12+00:00Areeba ShehzadiAsma ChaudharyAyesha AihetashamNageen HussainSumaira NazTariq AzizAbdullah F. Alasmari
<p>Fruit wastes containing cellulose can be made valuable by cellulolytic bacteria in biofuel production. This study aimed to assess the potential of isolated cellulolytic bacteria to produce bioethanol and its fermentation efficiency. Seven out of 16 bacterial isolates were selected on the basis of their cellulose-degrading potential by providing cellulose as the only carbon source. Their potential to degrade cellulose was determined by different biochemical tests. All strains produced bubbles as indicators of carbon dioxide production in Durham tubes. The maximum hallow on Congo red staining was shown by CA2, CG2, as 54, 40 mm with cellulolytic index 16.3 and 19. Cellulose degradation was evaluated as light pink to maroon color in triphenyl tetrazolium in all strains except CA4 and CB1. Cellulose (2%) added medium was provided to the isolated strains for the period of 10 days to allow fermentation. CG2 and CA2 yielded maximum ethanol as 0.42±0.005 and 0.43±0.011 (g of ethanol/ g of reducing sugar consumed), respectively. Their percent fermentation efficiency was observed as 79.71±0.059% and 75.58±0.011% correspondingly. All strains showed cellulose activity, and the maximum was seen in CA2 and CG2 as 0.265±0.05, 0.27±0.011 μmol/min/L. Molecular characterization suggested that the CA2 and CG2 strains were <em>Bacillus manliponesis</em> CA2 and <em>Bacillus</em> sp. CG2 (Accession Nos. ON324120 and OM974175). This study elaborates on the capability of bacteria to produce bioethanol by degrading cellulose.</p>
2024-02-07T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Areeba Shehzadi, Asma Chaudhary, Ayesha Aihetasham, Nageen Hussain, Sumaira Naz, Tariq Aziz, Abdullah F Alasmarihttps://itjfs.com/index.php/ijfs/article/view/2482Application of microencapsulated propolis extract in yoghurt production2024-02-29T16:07:58+00:00Yasemin TaşdemirEvren Gölge
<p>Extract of ethanolic propolis was microencapsulated in spray dryer before being used in stirred-style yoghurt manufacturing at quantities ranging from 0.5% to 2%. Samples were stored for 21 days for analysis. A statistically significant drop in pH, total phenolic content, and antioxidant activity was identified during 21 days of storage. Increase in the concentration of microencapsulated propolis extract (MPE) demonstrated increasing effects of syneresis, titration acidity, total phenolic content, and antioxidant activity. Contrarily, L* and a* values decreased significantly with increase in b* value. Generally, 2% MPE samples were less preferred in terms of flavor, smell, consistency, and the overall impression.</p>
2024-02-16T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Yasemin Taşdemir, Evren Gölgehttps://itjfs.com/index.php/ijfs/article/view/2457A multifaceted analysis of spent mushroom substrate of selected oyster mushrooms for enzymatic activity, proximate composition, and antimicrobial activity2024-03-06T09:19:40+00:00Mashaim AfsarAfia ZiaMuhammad Baseer Us SalamMuhammad Nauman AhmadAyaz Ali KhanTaqweem ul HaqTariq AzizAbdullah F Alasmari
<p>The global market for mushrooms is growing due to its nutritional enrichment, potential usage as a bioremediation, enzyme production, and functional food development. However, the leftover post-harvest mushroom substrate (SMS) generates certain environmental concerns. This study aimed to investigate the potential of SMS obtained from two oyster mushroom species—<em>Pleurotus ostreatus</em> and <em>Pleurotus djamor</em>. These were examined regarding sustainability by analyzing their lignocellulosic enzyme production, cellulose yield, antimicrobial properties, and proximate composition. The findings for both <em>P. ostreatus and P. djamor</em> showed higher activity of amylase, that is, 0.3 U (μmol/min) and 0.7 U (μmol/min), respectively, compared to activity of cellulase, which showed 0.3 U (μmol/min) and 0.5 U (μmol/min), respectively. SMS showed the highest activity of lignocellulosic enzymes, compared to non-SMCs and controls at <em>p</em> ≤ 0.00 and ≤0.01), proving fungual mycelia as the precursor of enzymes activity, as no mushroom is cultivated due to least enzymatic activity. The results for proximate analysis of SMCs showed a significant difference from non-SMCs. The findings for <em>P. djmor</em> revealed protein (1.23%), fats (1.3%), and ash (8.11), which were significantly higher than in <em>P. ostreatus</em>. A positive co-relation of 52% was established between SMCs with amylase, while a correlation of 20% was observed with cellulase, depicting an impact of mycelia in the breakdown of protein for amylase production. The SMC samples were also subjected to antibacterial analysis against <em>Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli</em>, and <em>Xanthomonas</em>. A higher minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) was recorded for <em>P. djamor</em>, that is, 8.80 mm, 11.66 mm, and 9.04 mm, compared to <em>P. ostreatus</em>, which showed its highest MIC as 9.18 mm, 9.30 mm, and 9.28 mm for <em>S. aureus, E. coli</em>, and <em>Xanthomonas</em>, respectively. It was evident from the study that SMC has a potential of being utilized for bioremediation, as it is therapeutically active against pathogens. Additionally, <em>Pleurotus</em> spp. is of great interest because of its ability to produce high nutritive value, cellulose yield, and a vast amount of lignocellulosic enzymes. The current experiment recommends the use of distilled water for mushroom farming, as enzymatic activities can significantly be affected by pH and buffers. Furthermore, the spent compost, being rich nutritionally, can be used for soil enrichment or as a biofertilizer.</p>
2024-02-23T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Mashaim Afsaar, Afia Zia, Muhammad Baseer Us Salam, Muhammad Nauman Ahmad, Ayaz Ali Khan, Taqweem ul Haq, Tariq Aziz, Abdullah F Alasmari