Development and optimization of ultrasonic extraction of total phenols from fresh peel of Pouteria caimito and its bioactivity evaluation
Main Article Content
Keywords
antioxidant activity; network pharmacology; Pouteria caimito; total phenols; ultrasound extraction; UHPLC-HRMS
Abstract
This paper used peel, a by-product of Pouteria caimito, as raw material to extract total phenols from peel by ultrasonic. To avoid the damage of polyphenol oxidase to the total phenolic content (TPC) of the pericarp, the effects of different pretreatment methods on the yield of the total phenolic content of the pericarp were discussed in the Pre-experiment. The optimal pretreatment conditions were determined as follows: blanching the peel for 3 min, adding Na2SO3 (1 %, solid-liquid ratio 1:1); Under these conditions, the TPC of peel increased from 4.022 ± 0.02 mg/g without treatment to 10.40 ± 0.20 mg/g. Based on single-factor experiments and response surface methodology, the optimal extraction process was determined as follows: EtOH concentration 13 %, solid-liquid ratio 1:30, ultrasonic time 50 min, extraction temperature 29 ℃, extraction for 4 times; Under this condition, the TPC in P. caimito peel was 17.08 ± 0.39 mg/g. The purity of the total phenol extract reached 30 % after purification by AB-8 resin. In vitro activity analysis showed that the purified had a scavenging rate of 96.05% and 100% for DPPH and ABTS at a mass concentration of 1.75 mg/mL and 3.75 mg/mL, respectively, at concentrations of 4 mg/mL and 5.5 mg/mL, it demonstrated a complete inhibitory effect on tyrosinase and acetylcholinesterase. Utilizing UPLC-HRMS, 56 compounds were successfully identified within the purified product. Three key compounds (Quercetin, Ferulic acid and Isorhamnetin) were screened through network pharmacology, and it was predicted that these compounds could treat Alzheimer's disease through the cholinergic synaptic pathway. Molecular docking technology further revealed the effects of CPP on AChE. This study presents a promising avenue for developing natural antioxidants, TYR inhibitors, and AChE inhibitors in both the food and pharmaceutical industries.
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Fazil, M.M., Gul, A. and Jawed, H. 2024. Optimization of silver nanoparticles synthesis via Plackett–Burman experimental design: in vitro assessment of their efficacy against oxidative stress-induced disorders. RSC Adv. 14(29):20809–20823. https://doi.org/10.1039/D4RA02774D
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Han, Y., Ma, Z., Wang, X., Sheng, Y.Y. and Liu, Y. 2023. Demethylation of ethanol organosolv lignin by Na2SO3 for enhancing antioxidant performance. Sustain Chem Pharm. 36:101312. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scp.2023.101312
Leung, W.T.W. and Flores, M. 1961. Food Composition Table for Use in Latin America. US Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.
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Liang, W., Wang, X., Zhang, L., Jiao, S.Y., Song, H., Sun, J.R. and Wang, D.H. 2024. Changes and biotransformation mechanism of main functional compounds during Kombucha fermentation by the pure cultured tea fungus. Food Chem. 458:140242. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140242
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Logesh, R., Prasad, S.R., Chipurupalli, S., Robinson, N. and Mohankumar, S.K. 2023. Natural tyrosinase enzyme inhibitors: a path from melanin to melanoma and its reported pharmacological activities. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta Rev Cancer. 1878(6):188968. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188968
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Naseem, Z., Zahid, M., Hanif, M.A., Shahid, M. 2021. Green extraction of ethnomedicinal compounds from Cymbopogon citratus Stapf using the hydrogen-bonded supramolecular network. Sep Sci Technol. 56(9):1520–1533. https://doi.org/10.1080/01496395.2020.1781894
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Jul 1, 2025
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Li, J., Jiang, Z., Li, X., Gao, X., Shen, J., Liu, Q., & Xu, R. (2025). Development and optimization of ultrasonic extraction of total phenols from fresh peel of Pouteria caimito and its bioactivity evaluation. Italian Journal of Food Science, 37(3), 190-211. https://doi.org/10.15586/ijfs.v37i3.2890
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Author Biographies
Jiaojiao Li, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
corresponding author，First author.
Writing – review & editing, Conceptualization, Project administration, Supervision.
Jinyang Shen, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
Methodology, Resources.
How to Cite
Li, J., Jiang, Z., Li, X., Gao, X., Shen, J., Liu, Q., & Xu, R. (2025). Development and optimization of ultrasonic extraction of total phenols from fresh peel of Pouteria caimito and its bioactivity evaluation. Italian Journal of Food Science, 37(3), 190-211. https://doi.org/10.15586/ijfs.v37i3.2890