Antioxidant and antibacterial activities of Matricaria chamomilla and Teucrium polium essential oils: Possible use in food preservation
Main Article Content
Keywords
antibiotics, antioxidation, essential oils, food protection, GC-FID, GC-M, Matricaria chamomilla L, natural conservation, Teucrium polium L
Abstract
The current work is devoted to using essential oils isolated from two wild-growing plants of Matricaria chamomilla and Teucrium polium in resistance to food spoilage, considering their antioxidant and antibacterial activities. Hydro-distillation extraction (HD) method was used to obtain essential oils and gas chromatography–flame ionization detection and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry were used to identify oils. Thus, the antioxidant activity of the oils was determined with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging method. In all, 45 constituents, such as 1,8-cineole, germacrene-D, and artemisia ketone, were found in M chamomilla oil, contributing 89.06% of the total composition. T. polium L. oil contained 37 compounds, contributing 93.84% of the total composition; the two major compounds being beta-pinene at 74.81% and alpha-pinene at a proportion of 14.62%. The significant antioxidant and antibacterial properties of the above essential oils may affect the food sector to serve as natural and safe food preservatives. Thus, the study demonstrated that the identified essential oils of M. chamomilla L. and T. polium L. could be used as natural bioactive materials to form useful and prospective food products with enriched healthy properties.
References
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Jiang, T.A. 2019. Health benefits of culinary herbs and spices. J AOAC Int. 102(2):395–411. 10.5740/jaoacint.18-0418
Kherraz, K., Messaoudi, M., Benchikha, N., Benmohamed, M., Bouhila, Z., Azli, T., Ben Seghir, B., Rebiai, A., Ouakouak, H., and Benarfa, A. 2023. Determination of essential and toxic elements in Algerian plant Matricaria chamomilla L. Radiochimica Acta. 111(7):565–571. doi.org/10.1515/ract-2022-0103
Kot, B., Wierzchowska, K., Piechota, M., Czerniewicz, P., and Chrzanowski, G. 2019. Antimicrobial activity of five essential oils from Lamiaceae against multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Nat Prod Res. 33(24):3587–3591. 10.1080/14786419.2018.1486314
Lardry, J.-M., and Haberkorn, V. 2007. L’aromathérapie et les huiles essentielles. Kinésithérapie, La Revue. 7(61):14–17. 10.1016/S1779-0123(07)70312-1 10.1016/S1779-0123(07)70309-1 10.1016/S1779-0123(07)70308-X
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Mekonnen, A., Yitayew, B., Tesema, A., and Taddese, S. 2016. In vitro antimicrobial activity of essential oil of Thymus schimperi, Matricaria chamomilla, Eucalyptus globulus, and Rosmarinus officinalis. Int J Microbiol. 2016. 2016(1): 9545693. 10.1155/2016/9545693
Osman, M.Y., Taie, H.A.A., Helmy, W.A., and Amer, H. 2016. Screening for antioxidant, antifungal, and antitumor activities of aqueous extracts of chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla). Egyptian Pharm J. 15(2):55. 10.4103/1687-4315.190402
Palici, I.-F. 2016. Valorisation des Activités biologiques de certaines espèces végétales sahariennes Nord-africaines. University of Bordeaux, Talence CEDEX.
Pandita, D., Pandita, A., Wani, S.H., Abdelmohsen, S.A.M., Alyousef, H.A., Abdelbacki, A.M.M., Al-Yafrasi, M.A., Al-Mana, F.A., and Elansary, H.O. 2021. Crosstalk of multi-omics platforms with plants of therapeutic importance. Cells. 10(6):1296. 10.3390/cells10061296
PF Guiné, R., and J Gonçalves, F. 2016. Bioactive compounds in some culinary aromatic herbs and their effects on human health. Mini Rev Med Chem. 16(11):855–866. 10.2174/1389557516666160211120540
Satyal, P., Shrestha, S., and Setzer, W.N. 2015. Composition and bioactivities of an (E)-β-farnesene chemotype of chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla) essential oil from Nepal. Nat Prod Commun. 10(8):1934578X1501000835. 10.1177/1934578X1501000835
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Segura Campos, M.R. (Ed.) 2018. Bioactive compounds: health benefits and potential applications. In Bioactive compounds: health benefits and potential applications. Woodhead Publishing. 10.1016/C2017-0-02265-6
Sharifi-Rad, M., Pohl, P., Epifano, F., Zengin, G., Jaradat, N., and Messaoudi, M. 2022. Teucrium polium (L.): phytochemical screening and biological activities at different phenological stages. Molecules. 27(5):1561. 10.3390/molecules27051561
Singh, O., Khanam, Z., Misra, N., and Srivastava, M.K. 2011. Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.): an overview. Pharmacog Rev. 5(9):82–95. 10.4103/0973-7847.79103
Sofowora, A. 1996. Research on medicinal plants and traditional medicine in Africa. J Altern Compl Med. 2(3):365–372. 10.1089/acm.1996.2.365
Stanojevic, L.P., Marjanovic-Balaban, Z.R., Kalaba, V.D., Stanojevic, J.S., and Cvetkovic, D.J. 2016. Chemical composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of chamomile flowers essential oil (Matricaria chamomilla L.). J Ess Oil Bearing Plants. 19(8):2017–2028. 10.1080/0972060X.2016.1224689
Yanishlieva, N.V, Marinova, E., and Pokorný, J. 2006. Natural antioxidants from herbs and spices. Eur J Lipid Sci Technol. 108(9):776–793. 10.1002/ejlt.200600127
Žlabur, J.Š., Žutić, I., Radman, S., Pleša, M., Brnčić, M., Barba, F.J., Rocchetti, G., Lucini, L., Lorenzo, J.M., Domínguez, R., Brnčić, S.R., Galić, A., and Voća, S. 2020. Effect of different green extraction methods and solvents on bioactive components of chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) flowers. Molecules. 25(4):810. 10.3390/molecules25040810
Adams, R.P. 2007. Identification of essential oil components by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Vol. 456). Allured Publishing, Carol Stream, IL.
Aprotosoaie, A.C., Şpac, A., Hǎncianu, M., Miron, A., Tǎnǎsescu, V.F., Dorneanu, V., and Stǎnescu, U. 2010. The chemical profile of essential oils obtained from fennel fruits (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.). Farmacia. 58(1):46–58.
Ayoughi, F., Marzegar, M., Sahari, M.A., and Naghdibadi, H. 2011. Chemical compositions of essential oils of Artemisia dracunculus L., and endemic Matricaria chamomilla L., and an evaluation of their antioxidative effects. J Agric Sci Technol. 13(1):79–88.
Benali, T., Habbadi, K., Bouyahya, A., Khabbach, A., Marmouzi, I., Aanniz, T., Chtibi, H., Mrabti, H.N., Achbani, E.H., and Hammani, K. 2021. Phytochemical analysis and study of antioxidant, anticandidal, and antibacterial activities of Teucrium polium subsp. polium and Micromeria graeca (Lamiaceae) essential oils from Northern Morocco. Evid Based Compl Altern Med. 2021(1) 6641720. 10.1155/2021/6641720
Benchikha, N., Messaoudi, M., Larkem, I., Ouakouak, H., Rebiai, A., Boubekeur, S., Ferhat, M.A., Benarfa, A., Begaa, S., and Benmohamed, M. 2022. Evaluation of possible antioxidant, anti-hyperglycaemic, anti-Alzheimer and anti-inflammatory effects of Teucrium polium aerial parts (Lamiaceae). Life. 12(10):1579. 10.3390/life12101579
Bendjabeur, S., Benchabane, O., Bensouici, C., Hazzit, M., Baaliouamer, A., and Bitam, A. 2018. Antioxidant and anticholinesterase activity of essential oils and ethanol extracts of Thymus algeriensis and Teucrium polium from Algeria. J Food Meas Charact. 12(4):2278–2288. 10.1007/s11694-018-9845-x
Bezić, N., Vuko, E., Dunkić, V., Ruščić, M., Blažević, I., and Burčul, F. 2011. Antiphytoviral activity of sesquiterpene-rich essential oils from four Croatian Teucrium species. Molecules. 16(9):8119–8129. 10.3390/molecules16098119
Bouasla, A., and Bouasla, I. 2017. Ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants in northeastern of Algeria. Phytomedicine. 36:68–81. 10.1016/j.phymed.2017.09.007
Boulila, A., Béjaoui, A., Messaoud, C., and Boussaid, M. 2008. Variation of volatiles in Tunisian populations of Teucrium polium L. (Lamiaceae). Chem Biodivers. 5(7):1389–1400. 10.1002/cbdv.200890127
Bruneton, J. 1999. Pharmacognosie et phytochimie des plantes médicinales. 3rd Ed. Revue et Augmentée, Tec & Doc, Paris, pp. 101–120.
EL-Hefny, M., Abo Elgat, W.A.A., Al-Huqail, A.A., and Ali, H.M. 2019. Essential and recovery oils from Matricaria chamomilla flowers as environmentally friendly fungicides against four fungi isolated from cultural heritage objects. Processes. 7(11):809. 10.3390/pr7110809
Farahbakhsh, J., Najafian, S., Hosseinifarahi, M., and Gholipour, S. 2021. Essential oil composition and phytochemical properties from leaves of felty germander (Teucrium polium L.) and spearmint (Mentha spicata L.). J Ess Oil Bearing Plants. 24(1):147–159. 10.1080/0972060X.2021.1896976
Goetz, P., and Ghedira, K. 2012. Phytothérapie anti-infectieuse. Springer, New York, NY. 10.1007/978-2-8178-0058-5
Gurib-Fakim, A. 2006. Medicinal plants: traditions of yesterday and drugs of tomorrow. Mol Aspects Med. 27(1):1–93. 10.1016/j.mam.2005.07.008
Hassanpour, H., Niknam, V., Ahmadi-Sakha, S., and Haddadi, B. 2020. Antioxidant activity and flavonoid content of Matricaria chamomilla extracts from different populations of Iran. J Bot Res. 2(2):1909. 10.30564/jrb.v2i2.1909
Jiang, T.A. 2019. Health benefits of culinary herbs and spices. J AOAC Int. 102(2):395–411. 10.5740/jaoacint.18-0418
Kherraz, K., Messaoudi, M., Benchikha, N., Benmohamed, M., Bouhila, Z., Azli, T., Ben Seghir, B., Rebiai, A., Ouakouak, H., and Benarfa, A. 2023. Determination of essential and toxic elements in Algerian plant Matricaria chamomilla L. Radiochimica Acta. 111(7):565–571. doi.org/10.1515/ract-2022-0103
Kot, B., Wierzchowska, K., Piechota, M., Czerniewicz, P., and Chrzanowski, G. 2019. Antimicrobial activity of five essential oils from Lamiaceae against multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Nat Prod Res. 33(24):3587–3591. 10.1080/14786419.2018.1486314
Lardry, J.-M., and Haberkorn, V. 2007. L’aromathérapie et les huiles essentielles. Kinésithérapie, La Revue. 7(61):14–17. 10.1016/S1779-0123(07)70312-1 10.1016/S1779-0123(07)70309-1 10.1016/S1779-0123(07)70308-X
Marković, M., Pljevljakušić, D., Kojičić, K., and Cupara, S. 2020. Ethnopharmacological application of chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) in the pirot county of southeastern Serbia. Arh Farm. 70(4):238–247. 10.5937/arhfarm2004238M
Marzouki, H., Khaldi, A., Falconieri, D., Piras, A., Marongiu, B., Molicotti, P., and Zanetti, S. 2010. Essential oils of Daucus carota subsp. carota of Tunisia obtained by supercritical carbon dioxide extraction. Natural Product Commun. 5(12). p. 1934578X1000501226. 10.1177/1934578x1000501226
Mekonnen, A., Yitayew, B., Tesema, A., and Taddese, S. 2016. In vitro antimicrobial activity of essential oil of Thymus schimperi, Matricaria chamomilla, Eucalyptus globulus, and Rosmarinus officinalis. Int J Microbiol. 2016. 2016(1): 9545693. 10.1155/2016/9545693
Osman, M.Y., Taie, H.A.A., Helmy, W.A., and Amer, H. 2016. Screening for antioxidant, antifungal, and antitumor activities of aqueous extracts of chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla). Egyptian Pharm J. 15(2):55. 10.4103/1687-4315.190402
Palici, I.-F. 2016. Valorisation des Activités biologiques de certaines espèces végétales sahariennes Nord-africaines. University of Bordeaux, Talence CEDEX.
Pandita, D., Pandita, A., Wani, S.H., Abdelmohsen, S.A.M., Alyousef, H.A., Abdelbacki, A.M.M., Al-Yafrasi, M.A., Al-Mana, F.A., and Elansary, H.O. 2021. Crosstalk of multi-omics platforms with plants of therapeutic importance. Cells. 10(6):1296. 10.3390/cells10061296
PF Guiné, R., and J Gonçalves, F. 2016. Bioactive compounds in some culinary aromatic herbs and their effects on human health. Mini Rev Med Chem. 16(11):855–866. 10.2174/1389557516666160211120540
Satyal, P., Shrestha, S., and Setzer, W.N. 2015. Composition and bioactivities of an (E)-β-farnesene chemotype of chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla) essential oil from Nepal. Nat Prod Commun. 10(8):1934578X1501000835. 10.1177/1934578X1501000835
Sawicka, B., Ziarati, P., Messaoudi, M., Agarpanah, J., Skiba, D., Bienia, B., Barbaś, P., Rebiai, A., Krochmal-Marczak, B., and Yeganehpoor, F. 2022. Role of herbal bioactive compounds as a potential bioavailability enhancer for active pharmaceutical ingredients. In Handbook of research on advanced phytochemicals and plant-based drug discovery (pp. 450–495). IGI Global, Hershey, PA. 10.4018/978-1-6684-5129-8.ch023
Segura Campos, M.R. (Ed.) 2018. Bioactive compounds: health benefits and potential applications. In Bioactive compounds: health benefits and potential applications. Woodhead Publishing. 10.1016/C2017-0-02265-6
Sharifi-Rad, M., Pohl, P., Epifano, F., Zengin, G., Jaradat, N., and Messaoudi, M. 2022. Teucrium polium (L.): phytochemical screening and biological activities at different phenological stages. Molecules. 27(5):1561. 10.3390/molecules27051561
Singh, O., Khanam, Z., Misra, N., and Srivastava, M.K. 2011. Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.): an overview. Pharmacog Rev. 5(9):82–95. 10.4103/0973-7847.79103
Sofowora, A. 1996. Research on medicinal plants and traditional medicine in Africa. J Altern Compl Med. 2(3):365–372. 10.1089/acm.1996.2.365
Stanojevic, L.P., Marjanovic-Balaban, Z.R., Kalaba, V.D., Stanojevic, J.S., and Cvetkovic, D.J. 2016. Chemical composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of chamomile flowers essential oil (Matricaria chamomilla L.). J Ess Oil Bearing Plants. 19(8):2017–2028. 10.1080/0972060X.2016.1224689
Yanishlieva, N.V, Marinova, E., and Pokorný, J. 2006. Natural antioxidants from herbs and spices. Eur J Lipid Sci Technol. 108(9):776–793. 10.1002/ejlt.200600127
Žlabur, J.Š., Žutić, I., Radman, S., Pleša, M., Brnčić, M., Barba, F.J., Rocchetti, G., Lucini, L., Lorenzo, J.M., Domínguez, R., Brnčić, S.R., Galić, A., and Voća, S. 2020. Effect of different green extraction methods and solvents on bioactive components of chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) flowers. Molecules. 25(4):810. 10.3390/molecules25040810
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Jan 4, 2025
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Ferhat, A., Djemoui, A., Messaoudi, M., Amine Ferhat, M., Benchikha, N., Ouakouak, H., Boubekeur, S., Attia, S. M., Ahmad, S. F., Atanassova, M., & Zahnit, W. (2025). Antioxidant and antibacterial activities of Matricaria chamomilla and Teucrium polium essential oils: Possible use in food preservation. Italian Journal of Food Science, 37(2), 23-34. https://doi.org/10.15586/ijfs.v37i2.2852
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Ferhat, A., Djemoui, A., Messaoudi, M., Amine Ferhat, M., Benchikha, N., Ouakouak, H., Boubekeur, S., Attia, S. M., Ahmad, S. F., Atanassova, M., & Zahnit, W. (2025). Antioxidant and antibacterial activities of Matricaria chamomilla and Teucrium polium essential oils: Possible use in food preservation. Italian Journal of Food Science, 37(2), 23-34. https://doi.org/10.15586/ijfs.v37i2.2852