PREVALENCE AND CHARACTERIZATION OF METHICILLIN-RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS (MRSA) ISOLATES FROM RETAIL MEAT IN SOUTH ITALY
Main Article Content
Keywords
biofilm, food safety, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Panton Valentine Leukocidin, retail meat
Abstract
This study was to estimate the prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) from 500 retail meat products in South Italy from June 2016 to June 2018, including 150 raw bovine, 120 pork, 150 chicken and 80 horse meat.
After bacteriological analysis, 12 (2.4%) samples were positive for MRSA. Isolates were characterized by antimicrobial susceptibility, spa typing and MLST. MRSA were also investigated by PCR for the presence of enterotoxins, lukF-PV-lukS-PV and icaA-icaD genes. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed that MRSA isolates were multidrug resistant. One strain harboured PVL-encoding genes (8.3%). Seven MRSA isolates of 12 (58.3%) carried seh enterotoxin encoding gene. The icaA and icaD genes were both present in 10 isolates (83.3%).
MRSA isolates in retail meat may serve as a potential source of exposure to MRS A for humans and monitoring of food-producing animals and hygiene standards should be strictly and carefully considered throughout the entire meat chain to ensure food safety.
References
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Ge B., Mukherjee S., HsuC.H., Davis J.A., Tran T.T.T., YangQ., Abbott J.W., Ayers S.L., Young S.R., Crarey E.T., Womack N.A., Zhao S. and McDermott P.F. 2017. MRSA and multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in U.S. retail meats, 2010-2011. Food Microbiology, 62:289-297. DOI: doi.org/10.1016/j.fm.2016.10.029.
Hadjirin N.F., Lay E.M., Paterson G.K., Harrison E.M., Peacock S.J., Parkhill J., Zadoks R.N. and Holmes M.A. 2015. Detection of livestock-associated meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus CC398 in retail pork, United Kingdom, February 2015. Euro Surveillance: bulletin Européen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin, 20(24).
Hesje C.K., Sanfilippo C.M., Haas W. and Morris T.W. 2011. Molecular epidemiology of methicillin-resistant and methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus isolated from the eye. Current Eye Research, 36:94-102. DOI: doi.org/10.3109/02713683.2010.534229.
Islam M.Z., Espinosa-Gongora C., Damborg P., Sieber R.N., Munk R., Husted L., Moodley A., Skov R., Larsen J. and Guardabassi L. 2017. Horses in Denmark are a reservoir of diverse clones of methicillin-resistant and -susceptible Staphylococcus aureus. Frontiers Microbiology, 8:543. DOI: doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2017.00543.
Jackson C.R., Davis J.A. and Barrett J.B.2013. Prevalence and characterization of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates from retail meat and humans in Georgia. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 51:1199-1207. DOI: doi.org/10.1128/JCM.03166-12.
Jarraud S., Mougel C., Thioulouse J., Lina G., Meugnier H., Forey F., Nesme X., Etienne J. and Vandenesch, F. 2002. Relationships between Staphylococcus aureus genetic background, virulence factors, agr groups (alleles), and human disease. Infection and Immunity, 70:631-641.
Johler S., Giannini P., Jermini M., Hummerjohann J., Baumgartner A. and Stephan R. 2015. Further evidence for staphylococcal food poisoning outbreaks caused by egc-encoded enterotoxins. Toxins (Basel), 7:997-1004. DOI: doi.org10.3390/toxins7030997.
Jørgensen H.J., Mathisen T., Løvseth A., Omoe K., Qvale K.S. and Loncarevic S. 2005. An outbreak of staphylococcal food poisoning caused by enterotoxin H in mashed potato made with raw milk. FEMS Microbiology Letters, 252:267-272. DOI: doi.org/10.1016/j.femsle.2005.09.005.
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