Chemical profile, biological activities, and molecular docking of Algerian Juniperus phoenicea berries
Main Article Content
Keywords
α-amylase assay; anti-oxidant assays; essential oil; Juniperus phoenicea L berries; molecular docking; non-polar extracts
Abstract
The chemical composition, antioxidant activities, and α-amylase enzyme inhibitory activity of Algerian Juniperus phoenicea L berries were quantitatively and qualitatively determined in this study. Essential oil (EO) and non-polar crude extracts from cyclohexane and ethyl acetate were prepared, and the chemical profile was determined using GC-MS technique. The predominant compound in the EO was α-pinene (76.03%), while communic acid (23.66% and 22.38%) was the main compound in both non-polar crude extracts. The antioxidant potential of the samples was evaluated using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,20-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonicacid)-diammonium salt (ABTS), and phenanthroline. All samples showed weak antioxidant capacity. The antidiabetic effect was assessed in vitro using the α-amylase assay; a strong inhibitory effect against the α-amylase enzyme was detected for both cyclohexane and ethyl acetate extracts with IC50 (IC50 = 186.91 ± 5.74 mg/mL and IC50 = 351.48 ± 0.17 mg/mL, respectively). Finally, an in silico study was performed for both α-amylase and α-glucosidase proteins to enhance our outcomes.
References
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Conforti, F., Statti, G., Loizzo, M. R., Sacchetti, G., Poli, F., & Menichini, F. (2005). In vitro antioxidant effect and inhibition of alpha-amylase of two varieties of Amaranthus caudatus seeds. Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 28(6), 1098–1102. https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.28.1098
Deo, P., et al. (2016). In vitro inhibitory activities of selected Australian medicinal plant extracts against protein glycation, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and digestive enzymes linked to type II diabetes. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 16, 435–445. https://doi.org/:10.1186/s12906-016-1421-5
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El-Sawi, S. A., Motawae, H. M., & Ali, A. M. (2007). Chemical composition, cytotoxic activity and antimicrobial activity of essential oils of leaves and berries of Juniperus phoenicea L. grown in Egypt. African Journal of Traditional, Complementary, and Alternative Medicines: AJTCAM, 4(4), 417–426. https://doi.org/10.4314/ajtcam.v4i4.31236
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Ennajar, Monia., et al. (2010). The influence of organ, season and drying method on chemical composition and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Juniperus phoenicea L. essential oils. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 90(3), 462–470. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.3840
Ghannay, S., Kadri, A., & Aouadi, K. (2020). Synthesis, in vitro antimicrobial assessment, and computational investigation of pharmacokinetic and bioactivity properties of novel trifluoromethylated compounds using in silico ADME and toxicity prediction tools. Monatshefte für Chemie, 151, 267–280. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00706-020-02550-4
Ghouti, Dalila., et al. (2018). Phenolic profile and in vitro bioactive potential of Saharan Juniperus phoenicea L. and Cotula cinerea (Del) growing in Algeria. Food & Function Journa,. 9, 4664–4672. https://doi.org/10.1039/C8FO01392F
Gülçin, İlhami. (2010). Antioxidant properties of resveratrol: A structure–activity insight. Innovative Food Science & Emerging Technologies, 11(1), 210–218. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.ifset.2009.07.002
Harhour, Aicha., Brada, Moussa., Fauconnier, Marie-Laure., & Lognay, Georges. (2018). Chemical composition and antioxidant activity of Algerian Juniperus phoenicea essential oil. Natural Product Sciences, 24(2), 125–131. https://doi.org/10.20307/nps.2018.24.2.125
Hongbin, Yang., et al. (2019). admetSAR 2.0: Web-service for prediction and optimization of chemical ADMET properties. Bioinformatics, 35(6), 1067–1069. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/bty707
Huang, S. Y., & Zou, X. (2010). Advances and challenges in protein-ligand docking. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 11(8), 3016–3034. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms11083016
Jain, P. L., Patel, S. R., & Desai, M. A. (2022). Patchouli oil: An overview on extraction method, composition and biological activities. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 34, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1080 /10412905.2021.1955761
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Bouchareb , A. ., Djemel , A. ., Kadi, I. ., DJemoui, A., Bensouici , C. ., Atanassova, M. ., Zoukel , A. ., Benmohamed, M., Ahmad, S. F. ., Attia , S. M. ., Benaceur , F. ., Zahnit, W. ., & Messaoudi, M. (2024). Chemical profile, biological activities, and molecular docking of Algerian Juniperus phoenicea berries. Italian Journal of Food Science, 36(4), 370-394. https://doi.org/10.15586/ijfs.v36i4.2729
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Bouchareb , A. ., Djemel , A. ., Kadi, I. ., DJemoui, A., Bensouici , C. ., Atanassova, M. ., Zoukel , A. ., Benmohamed, M., Ahmad, S. F. ., Attia , S. M. ., Benaceur , F. ., Zahnit, W. ., & Messaoudi, M. (2024). Chemical profile, biological activities, and molecular docking of Algerian Juniperus phoenicea berries. Italian Journal of Food Science, 36(4), 370-394. https://doi.org/10.15586/ijfs.v36i4.2729