Evaluation of heavy metal accumulation and associated human health risks in three commercial marine fish species from the Aegean Sea, Türkiye
Main Article Content
Keywords
Aegean Sea, gonad, heavy metal, human health, marine fish, muscle tissue
Abstract
This study investigates the presence and concentrations of ten specific heavy metals in the muscle tissues and gonads of three commercially important marine fish species: Garfish (Belone belone), European barracuda (Sphyraena sphyraena), and Anglerfish (Lophius piscatorius) collected from the Aegean Sea in Türkiye. The results indicate variations in metal accumulation, both between genders and among species. The fish species tend to accumulate higher levels of heavy metals in their gonads than in muscle tissues (p<0.05). While Cr, Cd, and Pb were not detected, Zn, Cu, and Fe are the predominant metals in muscle tissues due to their essential biological roles. However, within toxic elements, Hg was predominant, and L. piscatorius, a benthic fish, exceeded its recommended safety limits. A health risk assessment suggests that except for L. piscatorius, consuming these fish species from the Aegean Sea is generally safe, with estimated weekly intake (EWI) values below permissible limits. Total Hazard Quotient (THQ) values for most metals are below 1, indicating no significant non-carcinogenic health risks for consumers. This study emphasizes the critical need for regularly monitoring heavy metal levels in marine fish from the Aegean Sea, Turkiye. While overall safety in consuming these fish is highlighted, exceptions exist, notably concerning Hg levels in L. piscatorius. Therefore, persistent monitoring of heavy metal concentrations, especially in L. piscatorius, is advised to ensure ongoing safety and mitigate potential risks of metal accumulation.
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NMKL. 1998. Nordic Committee on Food Analysis (NMKL) method No 161. Metals, determination by atomic absorbtion spectrophotometry after wet digestion in microwave oven. pp. 8.
Oguz, A.R., and Yeltekin, A. 2014. Metal levels in the liver, muscle, gill, intestine, and gonad of lake Van Fish (Chalcalburnus tarichi) with abnormal gonad. Biol. Trace Elem. Res. 159(1–3): 219–223. 10.1007/s12011-014-9980-0
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Pokorska, N.K., Witczak, A., Protasowicki, M., and Cybulski, J. 2022. Estimation of target hazard quotients and potential health risks for toxic metals and other trace elements by consumption of female fish gonads and testicles. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 19(5): 2762. 10.3390/ijerph19052762
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Sadeghi, P., Loghmani, M., and Frokhzad, S. 2020. Human health risk assessment of heavy metals via consumption of commercial marine fish (Thunnus albacares, Euthynnus affinis, and Katsuwonus pelamis) in Oman Sea. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 27(14): 14944–14952. 10.1007/s11356-020-07907-0
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Stamatis, N., Kamidis, N., Pigada, P., Stergiou, D., and Kallianiotis, A. 2019. Bioaccumulation levels and potential health risks of mercury, cadmium, and lead in albacore (Thunnus alalunga, Bonnaterre, 1788) from The Aegean Sea, Greece. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 16: 821. 10.3390/ijerph16050821
Storelli, M.M., and Marcotrigiano, G.O. 2000. Fish for human consumption: risk of contamination by mercury Food Additives and Contaminants, 17(12): 1007–1011.
Tecimen, L.C., Çiftçi, N., and Cicik, B. 2023. Heavy Metal levels and human health risk assessment in some fish species caught from Kuşadası Bay (Aegean Sea). Adv. Underw. Sci. 3(1): 1–08.
Tepe, Y., Türkmen, M., and Türkmen, A. 2008. Assessment of heavy metals in two commercial fish species of four Turkish seas. Environ. Monit. Assess. 146(1–3): 277–284. 10.1007/s10661-007-0079-3
Terra, B.F., Araújo, F.G., Calza, C.F., Lopes, R.T., and Teixeira, T.P. 2008. Heavy metal in tissues of three fish species from different trophic levels in a tropical Brazilian River. Water Air Soil Pollut. 187(1–4): 275–284. 10.1007/s11270-007-9515-9
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May 8, 2024
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Artar, E., Olgunoglu, M. P., & Olgunoglu, I. A. (2024). Evaluation of heavy metal accumulation and associated human health risks in three commercial marine fish species from the Aegean Sea, Türkiye. Italian Journal of Food Science, 36(2), 136-149. https://doi.org/10.15586/ijfs.v36i2.2474
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How to Cite
Artar, E., Olgunoglu, M. P., & Olgunoglu, I. A. (2024). Evaluation of heavy metal accumulation and associated human health risks in three commercial marine fish species from the Aegean Sea, Türkiye. Italian Journal of Food Science, 36(2), 136-149. https://doi.org/10.15586/ijfs.v36i2.2474